A wide variety of different kinds of industrial scales are the type of instrument which is used to measure the weight. These include platform and floor scales for larger types of boxes and containers. Crane scales are used for loads that may be suspended. Drum scales are generally used for pails, smaller tanks, dewars and standard size drums. For smaller items, bench scales are more appropriate. Laboratory scales and precision scales are used for the most accurate measurements.
All of these different types of scales rely on the transducer device which converts a force into an electrical signal. This device is often called a load sensor, or load cell. Larger floor scales and platform scales often use four load cells in each scale, one in each corner of the platform. Smaller scales most often only include a single load cell. The electrical output from most standard load cells are very small, millivolt level signals. Higher quality industrial scales compensate the load cells for temperature, so that the output signal remains quite constant for a given load. The output is often buffered and then directed to an analog to digital converter for processing by the scale before being displayed for the user.
Load cells may be built in a wide variety of different shapes and sizes, depending on the type and size of scale. Most larger platform scales use beam load cells that measure a level of shear. Bench scales may use single point load cells that measure strain. In both cases, thin sections of metal are supported by larger metal frames. The entire device is designed to act as a spring element. Strain gages are adhered to the thin metal sections. These gages measure either shear or strain, and thereby determine the amount of the load on the load cell. Those load cells that are designed for large platform scales must have thicker bending elements and a larger support structure. That is also the case on the single point load cells.
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